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Singh, Magan
- Variations in Physical and Wood Anatomical Properties of Shorea of Malay Peninsula
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 2 (2009), Pagination: 209-226Abstract
The intra- and inter-species variations in the dimensions of different wood elements and wood density of Balau, White meranti (Meranti Pa'ang), Yellow meranti (Meranti damar hitam) and the Red meranti group of Malay Shorea were studied. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that intra-species differences of Shorea were non-significant for all the groups. Inter-species variations were significant for fibre length, fibre diameter, wall thickness and vessel element diameter for all the four groups except vessel element diameter for White meranti and fibre length for Yellow meranti. Significant variations in wood density were noticed for all the groups except in the Yellow meranti group (α=0.05). Crystals were present in parenchyma cells as solitary, in idioblast and/or also in short and long chains in the different species of Balau, Red and the Yellow meranti groups. In some species of Red meranti, viz. S. singkawang, prismatic crystals in chambered and non-chambered parenchyma cells were reported for the first time. Similarly crystals in ray cells were recorded in S. leptoclados, S. hemsleyana and S. macrantha. Crystals were not observed in the White meranti group. Silica bodies were a characteristic feature of White meranti group. The three types of normal axial inter-cellular canal, namely solitary, in broken tangential lines and long tangential lines were present in all the groups. Radial canal was present in the Yellow meranti and three species of the Red meranti group. Wall thickness, fibre diameter, wood density and vessel element length were positively correlated (α=0.05). Cluster analysis was done on the basis of qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical characters using binary matrix for all the groups. Two clusters were formed at 0% (Rescaled Distance Cluster Combine = 25) similarity level. One cluster grouped the species that belongs to White meranti, while another clustered the three groups viz. Balau, Red meranti and Yellow meranti. Yellow meranti further split from Balau and Red meranti at 6% similarity level. Red meranti and Balau clustered separately at 26% similarity level.Keywords
Anti-fungal Activity, Insecticidal Activity, Pongamia Pinnata, Seed Oil, Potato Dextrose Agar Bioassay, Soil Block Bioassay
- Individual Tree, Intra- and Inter-clonal Variations in Wood Properties of the Clonal Ramets of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.
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Lalkuan, Bannakhera, Uttarakhand
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Indian Forester, Vol 135, No 5 (2009), Pagination: 629-646Abstract
Within tree, intra- and inter-clonal variations in wood anatomical properties of 4 years old clonal ramets of Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Were investigated. The material was collected from Clonal Testing Area, Lalkuan (Haldwani) and Bannakhera. The twelve best clonal ramets of better growth and form from Lalkuan and 5 clones of ITC-Bhadrachalam planted at Bannakhera were selected for the study. Radial variations in all the individual ramets were non-significant for all anatomical properties investigated, while inter-clonal variations were significant. Intra-clonal variations were non-significant. The values of Runkel ratio, shape factor and fibre-length to diameter ratio of the selected clones from Lalkuan were well within the permissible limits for producing better pulp. The wood properties of the clones were comparable with the clones of ITC- Bhadrachalam grown in South India except for fibre-length, Runkel ratio and shape factor which were significantly higher in South India. ITC-Bhadrachalam clones grown in Bannakhera and Lalkuan clones were not different from each other on the basis of wood anatomical properties. They grouped differently for wood anatomical characters. Fibre-length of different clones of the present study was comparable with the 8-10 year old seedling seed-raised plantation of the same species. Clone raised plantation wood showed better paper making wood properties than of the seedling seed raised trees even at the early age.Keywords
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm., Clonal Variations, Intra-, Inter-tree, Wood Properties,Lalkuan, Bannakhera, Uttarakhand
- Wood Anatomy of Shorea of Yellow Meranti (Meranti Damar Hitam) Group of Malay Peninsula
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Damar Hitam) Group, Malay Peninsula
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Indian Forester, Vol 134, No 11 (2008), Pagination: 1479-1492Abstract
The study deals with the variations in physical, gross and microscopic anatomical features of different species of Shorea of Yellow Meranti group of Malay peninsula. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that inter- specific differences among the wood element dimensions of Shorea were significant for vessel element length, wall-thickness and fibre-diameter and non-significant for fibre length and wood density (α=0.05). However, intra-specific differences were non-significant for all the anatomical characters. Vessel element-length and -diameter showed negative while wood density showed positive correlation with fibre wall thickness. A dichotomous identification key is presented on the basis of anatomical characters to the species level of Yellow Meranti group. The dichotomy is based on a pair of contrasting characters like ray height, ray width, presence/absence of prismatic crystals and gum canal dimensions. Differences in quantitative characters were analyzed using 't' test for the mean. Hierarchical cluster analysis is done using qualitative and quantitative wood anatomical characters to understand the affinity of Shorea with in Yellow Meranti group and with other group of Shorea. S. maxima showed 0% similarity with other members of this group. S. faguetiana and S. multiflora showed 46% similarity with S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia, S. resina-nigra and S. balanocarpoides. S. balanocarpoides showed 32% similarity with S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia and S. resina - nigra.Keywords
Wood Anatomy, Microscopic Wood Identification, Shorea, Yellow Meranti (MerantiDamar Hitam) Group, Malay Peninsula
- Wood Anatomical Variations in Species of Shorea of Balau Group of Malay Peninsula - a Tool for Identification
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Indian Forester, Vol 133, No 6 (2007), Pagination: 759-773Abstract
The present paper deals with the variations in physical, gross and minute anatomical features of different species of Shorea of the balau group in the Malay peninsula. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that inter-specific variations among the wood element dimensions of studied species of Shorea were significant while intra-species variations were non-significant for all the characters. A dichotomous key is presented for identification on the basis of anatomical characters upto the species level. The key is based on a pair of contrasting characters e.g. ray height, ray width, diameter of gum canal, ray seriation, location and type of crystals, density of wood and colour. Differences in quantitative characters are analysed using 't' test for the mean. Besides, features like frequency and types of gum canals viz. solitary, in short tangential lines and in short and long tangential lines and density of woods are also used. The occurrence and location of prismatic crystals are found to be of diagnostic value at the species level for balau group Prismatic crystals observed in parenchyma cells as solitary and also chambered (2-25) in normal and idioblast cells. Prismatic crystals were reported in ray cells of S. maxwelliana King first time.- Wood Microstructure, Ultrastructure and Systematic Study of Indian Terminalia
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Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 8 (2005), Pagination: 995-1011Abstract
The genus Terminalia L. is of great forestry and economic importance, as it includes a number of valuable timbers, gum and tannin yielding species. It comprises of 250 species distributed throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. In India, the genus is represented by 18 species. In this paper a detailed microscopic wood anatomical survey of the 15 species of this genus is presented based on the standard list of features given by International association of Wood Anatomists (lAWA). Numeric key based on IAWA features and species identification key has been developed based on the study. Photomicrographs have been added of microstructure and ultra structure features as seen under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Remarks on systematic positions of species have been presented specially with regards to T. tomentosa and T. chebula group.- Intra- and Inter-species Wood Anatomical Variation in Balau Group of Shorea of Malay Peninsula
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Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 8 (2005), Pagination: 1041-1048Abstract
The paper deals with the intra- and inter-species variation in the different wood elements of Balau group of Malay Shorea. Variance ratio test indicated that variations in the wood elements viz. fibre length, vessel element diameter and wall thickness are significant between species. These variations are non-significant between samples of same species (α = 0.05). Mean minimum and maximum fibre-, vessel element-length, diameter, wall-thickness were recorded as 954 ± 139μm (S. tumbuggaia) - 1360 ± 139 μm (S. exelliptica), 351 ± 46μm (S. obtusa) - 45l±119 μm in S. atrinervosa (mean 403 ± 70.6), 113 ± 35 (S. obtusa) - 223 ± 34μm (S. submontata) and 4μm (S. lumutensis) - 8.1 ±m (S. atrinervosa), respectively. Minimum density was recorded for S. meadiana (730 kg m-2) while maximum recorded for S. laevis (1049 kg m-2). Dimensions of wood elements are also correlated to each other for few characters. Wall thickness and fibre diameter and density and vessel element length are positively correlated (α=0.05). Cluster analysis was done for the 18 species of Balau group on the basis of wood anatomical characters viz. fibre-length, diameter, vessel member-length, diameter, wall thickness and specific gravity. Two clusters are formed at 25 inter-cluster distance.S. guiso, S. ochrophloia, S. meadiana, S. Sumatrana, S. ciliata, S. laevis, S. glauca, S. materia lis, S. exelliptica, S. atrinervosa, S. obtusa form first cluster while S. collina, S. lumutensis, S. maxwelliana, S. foxworthyi, S. robusta. Submontana and S. tumbuggaia form the second cluster S. obtusa was separated from first cluster at 15 inter-cluster distance while S. tumbuggaia separated at 10 inter-cluster distance from the second cluster.- On the Identity and Wood Structure of Connarus gibbusus Wall.
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Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 5 (2003), Pagination: 635-639Abstract
The wood structure of Connarus gibbosus Wall. Is described in detail. It is a diffuse porous structure with moderately small to medium sized vessels, scanty vasicentric, aliform to confluent and marginal parenchyma, non.septate fibres 1-4 seriate heterogeneus rays, small scattered, vertical canals and small variable crystals in parenchyma, rays and fibres.- Utilizing Machine Learning Algorithm, Cloud Computing Platform and Remote Sensing Satellite Data for Impact Assessment of Flood on Agriculture Land
Abstract Views :48 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, IN
2 Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 001, IN
3 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organizations, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
4 Commissionerate of Rural Development, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382 010, IN
1 ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132 001, IN
2 Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144 001, IN
3 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organizations, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
4 Commissionerate of Rural Development, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382 010, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 125, No 8 (2023), Pagination: 886-895Abstract
Floods are one of the most devastating natural disasters that cause immense damage to life, property and agriculture worldwide. Recurring floods in Bihar (a state in eastern India) during the monsoon season impact the agro-based economy, destroying crops and making it difficult for farmers to prepare for the next season. To mitigate the impact of floods on the agricultural sector, there is a need for early warning systems. Nowadays, remote sensing technology is used extensively for monitoring and managing flood events, which is also used in the present study. The random forest (RF) machine learning (ML) algorithm has also been used for land-use classification, and its output is used as an input for flood impact assessment. Here, we have analysed the flood extents and their impact on agriculture using Sentinel-1 SAR, Sentinel-2 and Planet Scope optical imageries on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. The present study shows that floods severely impacted a large part of Bihar during the monsoon seasons of 2020 and 2021. About 701,967 ha of land (614,706 ha agricultural land) in 2020 and 955,897 ha (851,663 ha agricultural land) in 2021 were severely flooded. An inundation maps and area statistics have been generated to visualise the results, which can help the government authorities prioritize relief and rescue operations.Keywords
Agriculture, Cloud Computing Platforms, Floods, Machine Learning Algorithm, Remote Sensing Data.Full Text
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